EARTH'S FORMER WEAK GRAVITY
Based Mainly on John Kierein's Push Gravity
CONTENTS — FIND IN PAGE
HOW TO DECREASE A PLANET’S GRAVITY
SMALL OBJECTS TOWARD GRAVITY SHADOW
PLASMA & DUST REDUCE RADIOWAVES
PLASMA/DUST CLOUD DENSITY REQUIREMENT
COMBINING DWARF EMISSION & PLASMA/DUST
CONCLUSION: SATURN TRIO COULD CAUSE WEAKER EARTH GRAVITY
KIEREIN’S GRAVITY THEORY
John Kierein's gravity theory proposes gravity as a "push" force caused by interactions with a cosmic background radiation field in a static universe. His work is accessible online via this Angelfire page4, which outlines the theory’s core principles.
Key Components of Kierein’s Theory
Gravity as a Radiation-Mediated Push
Kierein revives the Le Sage "pushing gravity" concept but replaces ultramundane particles with long-wavelength background radiation. Massive bodies absorb this radiation, creating "shadows" that result in a net directional force pushing objects together4.Compton Effect Redshift in a Static Universe
The theory rejects cosmic expansion, attributing redshift to the Compton effect (photon energy loss during scattering). This aligns with a static, infinite universe where radiation forms a preferred reference frame4.Gravitons as Quantized Shadows
Kierein quantizes the gravitational force by defining gravitons as absences of photons in the radiation field—analogous to electron "holes" in semiconductors. These gravitons travel at light speed (c) and mediate the push4.Mechanistic Advantages
Critiques and Context
Feynman’s Objection: Kierein addresses resistance concerns for orbiting bodies (e.g., Earth) by noting that high graviton speeds minimize drag effects at typical orbital velocities (~300 km/s)1,5.
Ties to Alternative Cosmologies: The theory intersects with equilibrium cosmology and critiques general relativity’s curved spacetime3,4.
HOW TO DECREASE A PLANET’S GRAVITY
John Kierein's Gravity Model: Reducing Gravitational Force on a Planet
Background of Kierein's Gravity Theory
John Kierein advocates a "pushing gravity" model, inspired by Le Sage and others, where gravity is not an attractive force but a result of external pressure exerted by a background of long-wavelength radiation permeating the universe. In this framework, massive bodies shield each other from this radiation, creating a net "push" that manifests as gravitational attraction4,1,2.
Mechanisms for Reducing Gravitational Force in Kierein's Model
According to Kierein's interpretation, the gravitational force experienced by a planet is determined by the intensity and distribution of this background radiation and how much of it is "shadowed" or blocked by the planet and nearby masses. Therefore, to reduce the gravitational force on a planet, one would need to alter the amount or effectiveness of this incoming radiation "push." Possible conceptual mechanisms include:
Increasing Local Radiation Penetration: If the background radiation responsible for gravity could be made to penetrate the planet more effectively (i.e., reducing the planet's ability to cast a "shadow" in the radiation field), the net push-and thus the apparent gravitational force-would be reduced. This might be achieved by altering the planet's composition to be more transparent to the relevant wavelengths, though this is purely hypothetical and not practically feasible with known physics4.
Shielding or Blocking Radiation: Introducing an artificial shield or structure around the planet that absorbs or redirects the background radiation before it reaches the planet could, in principle, reduce the net push and thus gravity. However, the scale required for such a shield is beyond current technology and would require materials and engineering far beyond our capabilities4.
Changing the Background Radiation Field: If it were possible to locally reduce the intensity of the cosmic background radiation (for example, by absorbing or scattering it before it reaches the planet), the gravitational push would decrease. Again, this is a theoretical speculation within Kierein's model and not achievable with current science4.
Conclusion
In John Kierein's pushing gravity model, reducing the gravitational force on a planet would theoretically require altering the way the planet interacts with the background long-wavelength radiation - either by changing the planet's transparency, shielding it from the radiation, or modifying the radiation field itself. These ideas are speculative and not practically achievable, but they represent the unique predictions of Kierein's alternative gravity theory4,1.
GRAVITY SHADOW INSIDE OBJECTS
Kierein's pushing gravity model proposes that gravity results from an external flux of long-wavelength radiation pushing on matter, with massive objects "shadowing" each other from this background, creating a net force that we perceive as gravity.
Gravity Shadow Concept
In this model, a "gravity shadow" is the region behind a massive object (relative to the incoming radiation) where the flux is partially blocked or absorbed by the object itself.
The shadow is not a visible or electromagnetic shadow, but rather a reduction in the flux of the hypothetical gravity-carrying particles or waves.
Is the Shadow Inside the Planet?
Yes, the gravity shadow exists inside each planet. According to Kierein's model, as the background radiation passes through the planet, the planet's mass absorbs or blocks some of it, creating a region inside where the incoming flux is reduced compared to outside the planet.
This means that the "shadow" is not just behind the planet, but also within its interior. The center of the planet experiences the most shielding, as radiation from all directions is blocked by the surrounding mass.
Supporting Analogies
The idea is somewhat analogous to how a thick object can cast a shadow in a beam of light, with the interior of the object itself being in the deepest part of the shadow7.
SMALL OBJECTS TOWARD GRAVITY SHADOW
When a massive object (like an asteroid or planet) blocks some of this flux, it creates a "shadow" region where the intensity of the radiation is reduced9,13.
Net Force on Small Objects:
A small object near this shadow experiences a stronger push from the side facing away from the massive body (where the radiation is unblocked) and a weaker push from the side facing the shadow (where the flux is reduced)9,13.Resulting Motion:
This imbalance in pressure pushes the small object toward the shadow, and thus toward the massive body itself. The effect is analogous to how dust particles drift toward each other in a beam of light due to shadowing effects8,13.
Key Points
The closer the small object is to the massive body, the more significant the shadow effect and the stronger the push toward the massive body.
The force is proportional to the amount of shadowing, which depends on the size and density of the massive object and the distance between the objects13.
The direction of motion is always toward the region of reduced radiation flux-the "gravity shadow"-which aligns with the center of mass of the asteroid or planet.
Visual Analogy
Imagine standing in a gentle rain of tiny, invisible particles coming from every direction. If you hold up an umbrella (the asteroid or planet), you feel more "push" from the rain on your exposed side and less on the side shielded by the umbrella. This causes you to drift toward the umbrella-mirroring how small objects are pushed toward the gravity shadow9,13.
Summary:
Small objects are pushed toward the gravity shadow of an asteroid or planet because the massive body blocks some of the omnidirectional background radiation, creating an imbalance in pressure that pushes the object toward the region of reduced flux - the shadow9,13,8.
VAN FLANDERN TANGENT
Tom Van Flandern’s gravity model and John Kierein’s both draw from Le Sage’s “pushing gravity” concept, where gravity arises from an external flux of particles or radiation that is partially blocked by mass, creating a net push. Van Flandern’s version features ultra-fast “gravitons” that transfer momentum through scattering and absorption, insisting gravity propagates much faster than light and involves a distinct graviton medium, while Kierein’s model relies on very long-wavelength background radiation as the pushing agent2,3,7.
Both models use the shadowing effect to explain gravitational attraction, but Van Flandern emphasizes the need to address heating (favoring scattering over absorption) and the finite range of gravity due to graviton interactions, whereas Kierein’s approach centers on a static universe and the interaction of mass with the cosmic radiation field2,3.
REDUCING EM RADIO WAVES
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation - including other radio waves, microwaves, or even higher-frequency EM waves - can reduce or disrupt radio waves through a process known as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio-frequency interference (RFI). When two or more EM waves overlap, they can interfere constructively or destructively, altering the strength and quality of the radio signal. This interference can come from natural sources (like lightning or solar activity) or artificial sources (such as electronic devices, industrial equipment, or intentional jamming signals)1,4,6.
The interfering EM radiation does not need to be at the exact same frequency as the radio wave it disrupts. Strong EM fields at nearby or overlapping frequencies can degrade, distort, or even block radio signals, leading to performance degradation or loss of information in the affected radio system1,4,7. This is why EMI shielding and filtering are important in sensitive environments, and why radio communication systems take measures to minimize interference from other EM sources.
RED/BROWN DWARF EM RADIATION
A flaring red or brown dwarf star can emit strong bursts of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves and possibly higher-energy emissions like X-rays and ultraviolet light1,6,7. These emissions can, in principle, interfere with or overwhelm background longwave (radio) radiation in their vicinity through electromagnetic interference-temporarily reducing the detectability or intensity of the background signal for nearby observers or instruments1,3,5. However, this effect is local: the star’s radiation adds to the electromagnetic environment, potentially masking or disrupting background longwave signals, rather than physically “reducing” the background radiation itself. The effect is strongest close to the star and diminishes rapidly with distance1,3,5.
The radiation from a flaring red or brown dwarf star becomes insignificant at distances where its intensity drops below the level of the background longwave (radio) radiation you are considering. Because both red and brown dwarfs have low luminosities compared to larger stars, their electromagnetic influence fades rapidly with distance.
For red dwarfs, their habitable zones - where their radiation is still significant for planetary heating - are typically only a fraction of an astronomical unit (AU) from the star, often less than 0.1–0.2 AU4,1. Beyond a few AU, the star’s radiation is generally weaker than the interstellar background, especially for longwave radio frequencies. {NOTE: AU = Astronomical Unit = 93 million miles = Earth’s distance from the Sun.}
For brown dwarfs, which are even dimmer, their X-ray and radio emissions can be locally intense during flares but drop off even more quickly with distance2,3. Observations and models suggest that, outside of a few AU (and often much less), the electromagnetic output from a brown dwarf is negligible compared to the galactic background3,2.
In summary:
The radiation from a flaring red or brown dwarf star is generally insignificant compared to background longwave radiation beyond a few astronomical units - often less than 1 AU for brown dwarfs and a few AU for red dwarfs - depending on the specific flare intensity and the sensitivity of your measurements1,2,3,4.
PLASMA & DUST REDUCE RADIOWAVES
Yes, both plasma and dust can interfere with longwave (radio) radiation.
Plasma:
Plasma in space, such as in the interstellar medium, can block or alter radio waves, especially at low frequencies. Radio waves below the plasma frequency (about 0.1 MHz in the ISM) cannot propagate through plasma at all. At higher frequencies, plasma causes effects like dispersion (delaying lower frequencies), scintillation (twinkling and broadening of sources), and Faraday rotation (rotation of polarization), all of which can distort or reduce the clarity and intensity of longwave radio signals6,9.Dust:
Interstellar dust grains can emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. Spinning dust grains, for example, can emit radio waves, adding foreground "noise" that can obscure or confuse measurements of background longwave radiation8. Dense dust clouds can also absorb or scatter radio waves at certain frequencies, though their primary effect is stronger at shorter (infrared and microwave) wavelengths.
Summary:
Plasma can block, scatter, or distort longwave radio radiation, while dust can emit, absorb, or scatter it, all leading to interference with the detection or transmission of longwave signals in space6,8,9.
PLASMA/DUST CLOUD DENSITY REQUIREMENT
According to John Kierein's pushing gravity model, gravity is caused by an omnidirectional flux of long-wavelength radiation that is partially blocked or absorbed by mass, creating a "shadow" and resulting in the gravitational push. For plasma or dust to reduce gravity on a planet in this framework, it would need to be dense enough to significantly absorb or scatter this background radiation before it reaches the planet, thereby diminishing the net gravitational push.
In practical terms, the required density would have to be extremely high - far greater than what is found in natural planetary plasmaspheres or dust clouds. Plasmas in planetary environments (such as Earth's plasmasphere or the plasma tori around Jupiter) have densities many orders of magnitude too low to appreciably block or absorb long-wavelength radiation on the scale needed to affect gravity6,7,8. Similarly, interplanetary or interstellar dust is generally too diffuse to create a substantial shadow effect for the relevant radiation.
In summary: Plasma or dust would need to be so dense and extensive that it could block a significant fraction of the background long-wavelength radiation over the planet’s entire cross-section - densities vastly exceeding those found in known cosmic plasmas or dust clouds - to noticeably reduce gravity according to Kierein’s model.
If you double the diameter of a plasma or dust cloud while keeping its density the same, the reduction of radio waves passing through it increases much more than twofold. This is because the reduction follows an exponential law: the longer the path through the cloud, the more the radio waves are absorbed or scattered, so the transmitted intensity drops off rapidly as the cloud gets thicker, not just linearly3.
COMBINING DWARF EMISSION & PLASMA/DUST
If a planet closely orbits a red or brown dwarf star and is surrounded by a dense plasma or dust cloud, Kierein’s pushing gravity model predicts that gravity on the planet could be reduced if the combined effect of the star’s electromagnetic (EM) radiation and the cloud blocks or absorbs a significant portion of the background long-wavelength radiation responsible for the gravitational “push.”
Red and brown dwarfs emit strong EM radiation, especially during flares, including radio waves, X-rays, and infrared1,2,4,5,7. However, their radiation is generally not dense or directional enough by itself to significantly block the omnidirectional cosmic background radiation that Kierein’s model requires for gravity reduction.
Dense plasma or dust clouds can absorb or scatter EM radiation, including long-wavelength radio waves, especially if the cloud is extremely dense9. If such a cloud surrounds the planet, it could, in theory, further block the background radiation, enhancing the “shadow” effect and thus reducing the gravitational push on the planet.
Combined effect: If both the dwarf’s radiation and the dense cloud are present, the cloud could absorb not only the background radiation but also the star’s radiation, potentially increasing the total amount of blocked radiation. However, the reduction in gravity would only be significant if the cloud’s density and extent are extremely high-much greater than naturally observed plasmaspheres or dust clouds9.
Water vapor in a plasma/dust cloud does reduce radio waves, but not as much as dust would at the same density, especially for most radio frequencies used in communication or astronomy2,3,6.
Flaring dwarf stars frequently generate plasma clouds through the emission of charged particles during flare events1,6,8.
Dust clouds are not commonly produced by stellar flares themselves, but may be present if generated by other processes in the system, such as collisions among small bodies5.
Very intense and widespread lightning activity could locally produce enough EM noise to interfere with the detection of longwave radiation. Studies show that lightning can generate correlated magnetic field fluctuations on Earth-scale distances in the 1–1000 Hz range, which can affect sensitive gravitational wave detectors by introducing environmental noise5,4,7.
In summary:
According to Kierein’s model, a dense enough plasma or dust cloud combined with the EM output of a red or brown dwarf could, in principle, reduce gravity on a closely orbiting planet by blocking more of the background longwave radiation. But in practice, the densities required for a noticeable reduction are far greater than what is found in known astrophysical environments9.
CONCLUSION: SATURN TRIO COULD CAUSE LOWER EARTH GRAVITY
I estimated previously that, in the Saturn Model, Saturn was likely about 3 million miles from Earth, Venus was about 1.5 million miles & Mars about 0.9 million miles. Saturn as a red or brown dwarf star would have emitted a lot of EM radiation. AI said above that it would have been significant at at least 0.1-0.2 AU, which is about 10-20 million miles, so Saturn should have been plenty close enough at only 3 million miles. A dense plasma and/or dust cloud, possibly containing water vapor, would have reduced gravitational-radiowaves as well, especially if its diameter was very large, like over 6 million miles. And if lightning was much more frequent and intense, that could have added to the reduction of gravity. If Saturn flares reduced gravity but were intermittent, then Earth’s gravity might have fluctuated, though always being much weaker than now.
Of course, this is all to explain the extremely large land-dwelling dinosaurs and plants of the past.
By the way, the Saturn model does include a strong possibility that bodies did collide and created thick dust. This dust is a possible explanation for if stars were not visible during the Saturn Configuration. However, this may contradict the fact that a crescent is seen in many ancient images which are thought to have represented the crescent of Saturn. If dust was very thick, it doesn’t seem that sunshine would have lit up part of Saturn. There’s another mystery to end on.
How do you find the time for these amazing compilations?
Cheers.