I. CARDONA'S BOOKS & CHAPTER TITLES
II. MY SUMMARY OF CARDONA'S MAIN FINDINGS
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I. CARDONA'S BOOKS & CHAPTER TITLES
These are Cardona's 5 book titles: GOD STAR, FLARE STAR, PRIMORDIAL STAR, METAMORPHIC STAR, NEWBORN STAR
The first 4 mostly talk about Saturn and say little about the other planets in the Saturn Train. The first half of Newborn Star also discusses mainly just Saturn, but the second half discusses mainly Venus. Cardona died in 2016, but had apparently planned to write several more books to discuss Mars and Jupiter and the remaining major events of the Golden Age of Saturn, the cataclysmic end of the Age and maybe the following Age of Jupiter. I don't know why he spent so much time focusing on Saturn. Maybe he was trying to make an iron-clad case for his findings about the Saturn Train, starting with Saturn.
Following are numbered chapters of his 5 books along with some chapter section titles in parentheses that look more interesting to me. It seems like he repeated some of the same themes in several books. He discussed the Ice Ages in the second book, Flare Star, but not much elsewhere. The chapter titles may not be so interesting, but readers can skip ahead to my attempted summary of Cardona's main findings after that below.
GOD STAR
_CHAPTERS: 2 Ancient Astronomical Lore; 3 The Sun Star; 4 The Sun of Night; 5 Dead Suns; 6 Primordial Satellite; 7 Planetary Shuffle; 8 The Solitary Deity; 9 The Immobile God; 10 The Polar Station; 11 Testing the Model; 12 In the Beginning; 13 The Age of Darkness; 14 The Dawn of Creation; 15 The Timeless Era; 16 The Interloping System; 17 Life Beneath a Brown Dwarf Star; 18 A World With One Season; 19 Polar Wandering; 20 The Axial Coupling; 21 The Axis Mundi; 22 Cosmic Genesis
11____((The Lithospheric Bulge);
19____((The Coral Data -- The Ice Cap Model -- The Toppling Globe -- The Paleomagnetic Evidence -- The Martian Archetype)
FLARE STAR
_PART ONE: THE DEEP FREEZE = ICE AGES
_PART TWO: THE SATURN THESIS: 6 The Concept of Deity; 7 The Boreal Locus; 8 Proto-Saturn
_PART THREE: THE PRIMORDIAL MILIEU: 11 The Circumstellar Disk; 12 Lord of the Lingam
_PART FOUR: THE FLARE-UP: 13 Prelude to Creation; 14 Let There Be Light; 15 Exploding Stars and Planets; 16 Narrowing the Gap
16____((Planetary Novae -- Cometary Flare-Ups -- Brown Dwarf Outbursts -- Plasma Discharges -- Dating the Event -- The Aluminum Cloud)
_PART FIVE: AFTERMATH: 17 Magnetospheric Upheaval; 18 Out of the Freeze
18____((The Heat Wave -- Terrestrial Braking -- Frictional Heat -- Meltdown -- Polar Convergence -- Arctic Origins -- Future Return of Ice)
PRIMORDIAL STAR
_Part One: In the Beginning: 1 Ab Origine; 2 Geogenesis; 3 Geognosy; 4 Stellar Flares
1____((Planet Formation -- Further Problems with Circumstellar Disks);
2____((The Ultraviolet Environment -- Insect Eyes -- Ultraviolet Reflection -- The Purple Earth);
3____((The Stratified Signature of Catastrophe -- Coal Seams -- Carbon Stars -- Planetary Hydrocarbons -- The Origin of Petroleum -- Rains of Naphtha -- The Rancho La Brea Tar Sands);
_Part Two: Revolutions: 5 A Thumbnail History of Gigantism; 6 Mass and Gravity; 7 Sudden Violence; 8 Paradigms Lost
5____((Weight-Lifting Power -- Attenuated Gravity -- The Ups and Downs of Gigantism -- The Roche Limit)
6____((The Pros and Cons of Earth Expansion -- Terrestrial Gravitational Anomalies -- Electromagnetism Versus Gravity)
7____((The Deccan traps and Vulcan's Role -- Appeals to Plate Tectonics -- The Impact Theory -- The Iridium Layer -- Osmium Lends its Weight -- Worldwide Fire -- The Search for the Crater -- Chicxulub)
8____((The Polar Dinosaurs)
_Part Three: The Toroids: 9 Celestial Bands; 10 Dusty Rings; 11 Earth's Southern Pole
9____((Epochal Ice -- Resetting the Stage)
10____((The Auroral Ovals -- Land of Eternal Shadow)
METAMORPHIC STAR
_PART ONE: 1 Mythohistory; 2 Theography; 3 Ab Initio; 4 Time Zero; 5 Day One
1____((Celestial Debris -- Astrogeography)
3____((Standing Still in Heaven -- Directional Portrayal -- Earth's North Celestial Polar Sun{/Saturn} -- The Dimmer Light Environment -- The Sub-Stellar Identity -- Rising and Setting)
4____((Star of the Sea)
_PART TWO: 6 Blow Outs; 7 The Interglacials; 8 The Clovis Comet; 9 Resetting the Record; 10 Substellar Interactions
6____((Unburdening of Earth's Atmosphere -- Mother Earth in Heat)
7____((Accumulated Layers -- Fire and Ice -- The Younger Dryas)
8____((Peppered Mammoths -- Nanodiamond Evidence -- Great Lakes -- Carolina Bays -- Crater Orientation -- Cosmic Rubble)
9____((Conflagrations -- Exterminations -- Submergence -- The Bays' Age -- The Radiocarbon Dating Game -- Dendrocatastrophism)
10____((Encircling Muck -- Circumstellar Waste -- Super-Flaring Dust -- Back to Warmth -- Aborted Creations)
_PART THREE: 11 Start of a New Era; 12 Divine Colors; 13 Heavenly Transitions; 14 Celestial Unveilings; 15 Serpentine Windings; Epilogue
11____((The Black Planet and its God -- The Ka'aba -- The Black Stone)
12____((Blue-Black Deities -- Tlaloc -- Saturnian Blue -- Purple Dawn -- Ultraviolet Light -- Color Perception)
13____((Divine Parentage -- Progeny's Own Progenitor -- The Bloated Deity)
15____((Dragon Lore -- Cometary Portents -- Feathery Snakes -- Leviathan -- Utu and the Antaka -- Divine Disembowelment -- Behemoth)
Ep____((Catastrophic Signs Within the Kuiper Belt -- Alien Stars -- Arctic Settlers -- Cosmic Fallout -- Man on the Move -- The Emergence of Religion)
NEWBORN STAR
_Part One: 1 In the Beginning; 2 The Ruin of Earlier Worlds; 3 In Retrospect; 4 Axial Polarity; 5 Blowup; 6 Meteorological Intensity; 7 Climatic Repercussions; 8 Territorial Infiltrations; 9 Plasmatic Discharge; 10 The Cosmogonic Egg; 11 The Spiraling Enclosure; 12 Ceremonial Celebrations; 13 Orbital Development; 14 Heavenly Multiplicity; 15 The Sibitti; 16 God's Primordial Dwelling; 17 The Basis of Civilization; 18 Culture and Agriculture
2____((The Mayim -- The Egyptian Nu -- Recurring Cataclysms)
3____((The Circumstellar Disk)
8____((Man's Arctic Homeland -- Mass Southern Migrations)
9____((Creative Spiral -- The Spiraling River -- The River Ocean -- The Celestial Earth -- Tammuz -- Serpentine Entities -- Jormungandr -- The Taurid Complex -- Odin -- The Chinese Dragon)
11____((The Ouroboros -- Auroral Manifestations -- The Encircled Egg -- The Sevenfold River)
12____((The Eating of Entrails -- Circumambulation and the Sacred Dance -- Ceremonial Encirclement)
13____((The Seven Days -- The Seven Seas -- The Day of Rest -- The Duat)
14____((The Seven Heavens -- Concentric Enclosures
15____((Seven Bound in Three)
16____((Mazal Khima -- The Bound and Binding God -- The Bindu -- God's Encircling Band)
17____((Gobekli Tepe -- The Genesis of Genesis)
18____((Triptolemos -- The Corn God -- Mithras -- The Origin of Maize -- The God of Wine -- Lactose Intolerance)
_Part Two: 19 The Goddess; 20 The Androgyne; ; 21 Dea Caelestis; 22 Hesiod Versus Homer; 23 Indic Influences; 24 Egyptian Interconnections; 25 Near Eastern Confirmations; 26 The Ba'alim; 27 Lux Divina; 28 Child of Saturn; 29 The Septad; 30 Plasmatic Pinches
28____((The Birth of Venus -- The Hatchling -- The Foam-Born -- Divine Emasculation -- Ritual Castration -- God's Begotten Daughter)
29____((The Anunnaki -- The Igigi -- The Esagila -- Queen of the Seven -- The Habitation of the Goddess -- The Creatrix -- The Serpentine Goddess -- The Kosharoth
30____((Red Lady of Heaven -- Surface Features -- Atmospheric Retention -- Cosmic Hell Hole -- The Runaway Greenhouse Theory)
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II. MY SUMMARY OF CARDONA'S MAIN FINDINGS
(I'm paraphrasing most of this. I have more to do on this, but it will likely take quite a bit of time to do it justice. So it’s incomplete.)
IIa. METAMORPHIC STAR
COMPARATIVE MODELS
1. NORTH POLAR SATURN. _p. 60) ... "the north celestial polar source of heat and light that was required to keep Earth's Arctic regions free of ice and teeming with near-tropical life would have been Saturn {above the north pole}."
____{The best evidence that Saturn was over the north pole may be that the north polar region bulges out there and Cardona said magma is rotating under it. The fact that fossil evidence shows a former temperate or subtropical climate in arctic regions is more likely due to the continents having split from the supercontinent and moved somewhat northward as well as southward from the equator in the latter part of the Great Flood of c. 3,300 BC. Michael Oard figured that the Earth was warm right after the Great Flood, including at the poles, but in order for trees to live prolifically in the Arctic Circle, a light source, such as polar Saturn, may have been needed, but not if the land was outside of the arctic circle before the supercontinent broke up.
2. NORTH POLAR GREAT PYRAMID. Another theory I like is that Earth's north pole was previously located at the Great Pyramid, which is said to be the center of Earth's land masses. The supercontinent then may have been raised above sea level by Saturn's pull. But then, that may not explain why the continents are granite instead of basalt. As Mike Fischer suggested, a huge asteroid impact may have formed the granite supercontinent. If the asteroid was mostly granite, when it impacted it would have melted and then gradually solidified to form a supercontinent. Maybe Saturn's steady attractive pull moved the supercontinent over Earth's mantle till it was centered directly under Saturn.
3. EARTH'S & SATURN'S TILTS. Saturn, Earth, Mars and Neptune all have nearly the same axial tilt. If the Great Pyramid was formerly on the north polar axis, the axis must have tilted after the pyramid was built, unless Egyptians knew where the north pole had previously been located and built it there after the tilt. The tilt would likely have occurred during the Great Flood when the asteroid impact occurred, I think.}
CONSTANT POLAR TORNADO = POLAR COLUMN
_Cardona said the Sumerian god Enlil was Saturn, and according to Mircea Eliade, Enlil meant "lord of the violent wind."10
_The Hebrew word Elohim was one of their names for Saturn and it meant "spirit" which moved upon the face of the celestial waters and the Hebrew word translated as "spirit" actually means "wind."11
_And wind is found in association with Saturn in several ancient nations12
_Ninurta's {Mars'} favored weapon was not only a cyclone,13 but, as the sharur,14 it was the "mighty cyclone of Enlil" {Saturn}.15
_The Polynesian Tane, also known as Kane,16 had Saturn characteristics.1 He was referred to as a turning/spinning entity associated with "the great water source", and also known as "Tane of the whirlwind."2
_"Like all other Saturnian deities, however, Enlil was not just a windy god, but the personification of a particular gale, the one that blew in the north celestial {sky}.3"
_"This was the North Wind we have already met as the property of Osiris and Atum.4"
_The same cyclone was called Hurakan,5 from whom the word "hurricane" is derived, and this Mesoamerican deity was also said to have stood on one leg, like other Saturn gods in various traditions.6
_This single leg was the tornado, the axis mundi, or polar column. Coming from Saturn, it was called a whirling ray of light,7 a churning pillar,8 a fiery axis, that stretched from Saturn to Earth's north polar region.9
_Like the Egyptian Shu, Enlil's towering whirlwind was seen as an axial post that separated10 or joined Heaven and Earth.
{Talbott thought Osiris was Jupiter, but it seems Cardona was probably right that it was Saturn.}
PHALLUS IN THE SEA = POLAR COLUMN IN SATURN'S DISK
_p.94) The Egyptian god Ra is said to have cut off his own phallus, the polar column.3
_Likewise, the Hindu god Shiva was said to have castrated himself.4
_George Harvey5 said the cutting of the genitals of Ouranos by Kronos, as told by the ancient Greeks,6 is also a self-castration, since Ouranos was simply a different manifestation of Kronos/Saturn.7
_Ra was said to have had sexual union "with himself,"8 so it seems the polar column was seen to retract up to Saturn. So the castrated genitals of Ouranos are said to have been flung "into the stormy sea,"9 which would have been Saturn's circumstellar disk. So the column/phallus did not fall down, but up,to where it came from.10
_In the Shiva Purana, under the name Rudra, Shiva's own castrated lingam was also said to have gone up into "the very sky."11
DIVINE DISEMBOWELMENT = DARK SPIRAL
_In a Hittite myth, the god Utu's disappearance involved "blending" with the night "like a snake,"1 since Saturn's unwinding coil of dusty debris looked like a snake. _Both serpents and intestines were associated with each other in the Egyptian god Apep, a serpent likened to a winding intestine,2 which led us to Humbaba, which was Saturn with a face of intestines.
_The Egyptian language has the word qab, which means "intestines,"3 and a related word, qabu, which means "windings", "coils", or "the folds of a serpent."4
_Another related word, Qabi, was a mythological snake.5
_Disembowelment among the gods was a common belief in atiquity. The god Apep was not only a snake, likened to a winding intestine, but was also disemboweled.6
_Saturn's unwinding debris was apparently seen by some as an evisceration, so Humbaba's face was formed out of entrails, while the Meso-American god Tlaloc's face was shown as coiling serpents.
_While Saturn's spiraling debris continued to expand, it was visually seen to merge with its dissipating circumstellar disk, called the sea or ocean of heaven {similar to Saturn's rings}.
_An allusion to this evolving portent is mentioned casually in an Egyptian papyrus which states that the sea (which meant the cosmic ocean or circumstellar disk around Saturn) was also represented by a serpent monster.1 This Hermitage Papyrus then tells us that "the High God himself' had to restrain the waters.2
_Rundle Clark realized that the ancients thought the world had to be "protected against the disintegrating forces of the surrounding chaos."3
_Asimov correctly understood such allusions referring to God's accomplishment during Creation "destroying the monster representing the chaotic sea."4
_What must be added is that the relatively slow disintegration of Saturn's chaotic circumstellar disk was also envisioned as an evisceration. As it is narrated in the Babylonian Enuma Elish Epic of Creation, Tiamat's bowels/guts were "torn asunder."5 It is these guts/intestines{/darlness} that Utu was seen to merge with like a snake.
____{I thought Tiamat was Venus, but maybe it was Saturn. It may have been hard to tell them apart, since Venus was in front of Saturn initially.}
THE WINDING LABYRINTH = DARK SPIRAL
_Saturn's spiraling emission was also likened to a winding passage, a circular corridor, leading to the center of Saturn. This uncoiling track would have assumed more complexity once it spread beyond Saturn's circumference to superimpose itself on the chaotic dissolution of its circumstellar disk.
_To those who looked on in awe, or horror, Utu's snakelike outpouring was seen to merge with the surrounding Sea's intestinal dispersal in a veritable maze. That is what lies behind the concept of the mythological labyrinth, known from myths all over the world.
_One of the titles bestowed on Humbaba was "God of the fortress of intestines,"6 which was presented as a labyrinthine enclosure.7
_Despite its eventual transformation into various intricate forms, it was never quite forgotten the original structure was nothing but a spiral.8
_The close relation between spirals, intestines, and labyrinths reaches back into far antiquity. Our ancestors were entranced with Saturn's spiraling debris through the ages down into modern times.
_The very concept behind the expanding spiral as a labyrinth continues to fill countless pages in works dealing with mystical experience.9 Nor has any of this managed to disassociate the labyrinth from intestines.10
_While, at such a late date, they do not represent exactly what it looked like, examples of the labyrinth that include spiraling trails in conjunction with serpentine characteristics can be found on various objects, such as plates recovered from Cocle graves in Panama dated between 500 to 1550 AD.
_Divination through the examination of entrails was also associated with labyrinths,1 and with coiled snakes.2
_Rituals involving labyrinthine associations in memory of "the original cosmic creation,"3 are avidly maintained by many Mexican Indians.4
_In time, Saturn's labyrinth was to evolve even further.
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IIb. NEWBORN STAR
CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS
_Up until recently, astronomers believed that circumstellar disks needed "hundreds of thousands, if not millions of years" to dissipate.1 In 1983, such a disk had been discovered around a young star in the Scorpius-Centaurus. Nothing had changed by 2008 when the star was surveyed again. And yet, a year later, the dust had diminished by about two thirds, and by 2010 the dust had just about completely disappeared.2
SPIRALING STREAM/RIVER
_After Saturn's flare-up, once the blinding light had ebbed enough, a fiery stream of matter was seen spewing from proto-Saturn's south polar region in an ever widening spiraling path. The Hubble Space Telescope captured such material spewing forth in a spiral from the star LL Pegasi,5 while the Atacama Array (ALMA) spotted another spiral structure issuing from the star R. Sculptoris.6
_As Jill Purce correctly noted, the mesmerizing influence the spiral had on the ancients was due to the belief that "chaos" organized into "cosmos" through a "spiral movement."1
_Vedic belief was that the seed of "the {visible nearby} universe" spiraled out from the centre of a sphere,3 which is an apt description.
_One additional feature of the spiral in ancient images is radiating streamers of short projections around its periphery.
_Saturn's spiraling emission also resembled a river issuing from the mouth of the Creator.
_The belief that the river goddess (or god) created "everything" was strong among the Babylonians.5
CELESTIAL SEA = SATURN'S DISK
_Apsu/abzu in myth was the celestial ocean, i.e. the circumstellar disk surrounding Saturn,8 that was invaded by the celestial river under discussion. This was the same fog or foam said by the Yuki Indians of California as having "moved round and round continually" over the water.9
_[[IMAGE]] Top row: Copies of Mexican pictographs. Bottom row - left to right: Copies of petroglyphs from North America and Egypt.
_In Hesiod's Theogony is told how Gaea and Uranus begat a son, the "deep-whirling Okeanos."1 In the same epic poem Okeanos is called a "circling stream"2 "of famous Okeanos."3
_According to Homer, this stream Okeanos girdled the world.1
_Robert Graves then says that "Homer's myth is a version of the Pelasgian creation story, in which Okeanos/Oceanus was called Ophion.2
_Although Diodorus Siculus reported that, to the Egyptians, this was the river Nile3, since the original Nile was a celestial river/ocean, in which the gods had been
created.4
_The origin of the name Okeanos was likely the Akkadian uginna which means "circle."5
_Homer describes Okeanos/Oceanus as "the ever-encircling waters"6 or as "bending back in a circle."7
_It was said this river-god "with nine swirling streams he winds about the earth"8? {That's likely the celestial Earth, which was Saturn.}
TAMMUZ = CELESTIAL RIVER
_Tammuz was the river into which he was later cast,1 i.e. Hubur, believed to have been the "river of fertility," and the "creator of everything."2
_At the same time, Tammuz was identified as the great serpent of heaven that emanated from Anu/Saturn3, as the discharged material took on a snake-like appearance.
_Albright agreed that the ancient river-god tended to appear as a serpent.4
SERPENTINE DEITIES (and the NEW SATURN)
_The mytho-historical record tells of several cosmic serpents, i.e. not representing the same celestial entity or event.
_Robert Clark noted this regarding Egyptian myths,1 but it applies to all mythology.
_We will focus on serpentine divinities that are not only associated with Creation, but also with the Creator.
_The Chaldean god formerly called Hoa/Hea is now more popularly rendered simply as Ea, a name for Saturn. Hoa was called "the lord of the abyss," which meant the disk that surrounded Saturn. He was also "the king of the rivers."1 One of his emblems was the serpent,2 a benevolent one.3
_The Sumerian Ninurta was also Saturn and known as the "serpent of fiery glance."4 This glance was a flaming discharge, proclaimed in the Egyptian Pyramid Texts, where the "serpent with its many coils" is referred to as the Creator's "outflow."5
_A hymn from the Coffin Texts says the serpent of Creation came into existence by bending around itself, encircled in its own coils."6
_The celestial river called Hubur was a goddess, as was also the Egyptian serpent of creation, called Mut. Mut originally encircled her father, Re8, i.e. Saturn. An emblem of Re/Ra, is the Uraeus serpent above his head encircling the cosmic sphere. Mut also gave birth to Re in his new form, called Khonsu,9 Saturn's form after its flare-up.
_Other gods have very similar themes.
SEVEN HEAVENS