It appears that the Great Flood was primarily involved in burying and fossilizing plants and animals, but electrical effects also seem to have been involved in some ways. I plan to discuss fossils more later, but I thought I should start by discussing electrical effects on fossilization. Electrical forces were likely very strong during the Great Flood. Impacting objects were surface-ionized going through the atmosphere and totally ionized on impact, when the impacts had enough velocity.
“The piece was pure clear silica inside. It was covered with a rougher opaque crust of partially fused sand. The tree, whose stump was petrified, was alive five years ago! After the tree was cut down to accommodate the right of way for a new power transmission line, an accidental break allowed the high-voltage wire to contact several tree stumps still in the ground. The power was shut off within hours of the break. All of the tree roots which contacted the broken wire were fossilized.” –Eric Milton https://astrobiologyassociates.wordpress.com/2017/07/22/electric-fossilization/
PETER MUNGO JUPP Instant Fossilization
…
Peter Jupp will discuss petrification as instantaneous and under the control of dynamic Earth-shaking events. What have we found on Earth to demonstrate this hypothesis? A forest of giant trees turned to solid rock. A soft-bodied crab petrified to rock and enclosed in the center of a basalt Thunder egg. Dinosaur remains that conceal a heart replete with chambers but turned to iron. A shoal of fish in their death throes petrified within the limestone. https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2013/03/21/antarctica/ New laboratory experiments are showing that fossilization is a rapid process under certain conditions. This concept has generally been ignored. Could high voltage electricity, either from within the earth or from cosmogenic effects such as comets, coronal mass ejections, or planets in disturbed motion be the rapid tool of petrifaction and fossilization? Normally, what dies is quickly recycled biologically, unless some catastrophic geological intervention occurs. Judging by the agonizing positions of most fossils, the catastrophic intervention that petrifies is almost always connected to the cause of death.
https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2014/03/05/the-jurassic-coast-a-transmutation-extinction/ Eric Milton describes his examination of a petrified tree trunk (essentially water and carbon) in Alberta, Canada: “The piece was pure clear silica inside, it was coated with a rougher opaque crust of partially fused sand. The tree, whose stump was petrified, was alive five years ago! After the tree was cut down to accommodate the right of way for a new power transmission line, an accidental break allowed the live high-voltage wire to contact several tree stumps still in the ground. The power was cut off within hours of the break. All of the tree roots which contacted the broken wire were fossilized.” Obviously, extremes of electricity can metamorphose matter quickly. In Hot Springs, South Dakota, mammoths and many other animals are found immersed in micro-layers of limestone. As paleontologist Dr. Larry Agenbroad explained to me, the mammoths themselves are barely distinguishable from the medium they are immersed in. Micro-layers of limestone permeate down the entire 100 foot deep mass of this volumetric disaster. If this was an electric plasma discharge event, how did it cause this amazing layering in an instant? It is plain that no slow deposition of layers was involved, otherwise the animals would have biologically deteriorated before being buried.
POSSIBLY ELECTRICALLY FOSSILIZED MEGAFAUNA
https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2014/07/27/giant-wombats-and-electrical-fossilization/ As close by as inland Lancefield, massive bolus-shaped graves of these very animals, from giant kangaroos to huge wombats, abound. They inevitably occur in tangled heaps of destruction. In other continents, from the United States to Russia, similar mass mega-fauna destruction sites occur. The Sorrento Diprotodon is not an isolated example, as the abundance of electrically formed plant fulgurites along the cliff testify. In addition, layers of fossilized shells, thirty meters above the shoreline, point to a parallel mega-tsunami. This is evidence of a vast electrical plasma discharge striking the entire area. However, the method of destruction has explanations in the ancient legends of Port Lincoln: “The local sand hills along the South Australian coast were raised by Marnpi and Tatta, two of their ancestors. A great fire, coming from the ocean, spread far and wide on the sea-coast, and seemed likely to envelop the whole country in its flames. Deliberating how to prevent such a calamity, it occurred to the above mentioned personages that the best method of quenching the fire would be to bury it; they accordingly betook themselves to the task, and, in executing it, threw up those sand hills which testify to this day the vastness of the undertaking.” In other continents, they [megafauna] are generally found in spherical-shaped sinkholes, either fossilised or petrified. For instance, the mammoth site in Hot Springs, South Dakota, United States, where Palaeontologist, Dr. Larry Agenbroad, showed me species from mammoths to giant short faced bears submerged in micro-layers of limestone.
NOTES ON RADIOACTIVE FOSSILS
Radioactivity in fossils at the Hagerman Fossil Beds https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18442873/ Radioactive fossil sites occur primarily within an elevation zone of 900-1000 m above sea level and are most commonly found associated with ancient river channels filled with sand. Unusually Radioactive Fossil Bones from Mongolia https://www.nature.com/articles/214161a0 On the radioactivity of fossil bones https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0029554X77907042 In many fossils a high uranium concentration was found some fossils can accumulate radioactive elements acting like a sponge radioactivity of fossil bones derived from radioactive zones of Siwalik Himalayas of India
At http://thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=317&p=6537&hilit=dinosaur#p6537 I gave links to sites showing evidence of dinosaurs in the time of later humans. The bone bed in Alaska is most interesting as it is said to contain both fossilized and unfossilized dinosaur bones. The idea of electrical fossilization is intriguing, but how would some bones in a pit be fossilized and some not, even by electricity? And, if dinosaur bones exist that are unfossilized, doesn't that mean they're very young? Like 5 to 10 thousand or so years old? Apparently, the reason the unfossilized bones did not disintegrate is because they were frozen. Well in Alaska there was something special that occurred. The Northern Hemisphere was holding up quite an amount of Water when Saturn was affecting our tides, pulling water towards the poles. When it left, the water flowed down over Canada and into the US. The mudslide retreated back towards the north, carrying debris and bone with it. Fossils would be things that were hit (by electricity) and fossilized and the bones are things that died and got backwashed to the sea. When they found a 'fossilized' shark with a fossilized embryo and a fossilized umbilical cord turned up, I mocked the idea of 'slow fossilization'. Instant Petrified Wood Created in Lab https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123#p17794
BIOLOGICAL TRANSMUTATION
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=15 [Something online about biological transmutation said:] fossilization is due to transmutation of the tissues into silicon and such, thus preserving the form. As was pointed out further up this thread, you can have a mix of fossil bones and regular bones, that's only possible if the fossilization process is more "organic" than we realize.<--Pun intended. https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=2303&sid=f72eb0f051ebc1386a81496ddf8de5a0#p3738 I have a box of rocks in my classroom including coalified and petrified wood, from the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, gleaned from ash in the logjam area near Spirit Lake. Water flowing over, in, through and around these silica rich strata provides ample concentration of silica for petrifaction of entrapped organic debris, eg wood and what the locals call "bog". Now mineral replacement of organic material must IMO be at least enhanced by if not essentially caused by electrical/electrolytical changes inside and out of the organic debris. Kervran found that heat is the probable cause of transmutation of N2 to CO. N2 is nitrogen in the air. Heat from welding or even a hot wood stove can heat the nitrogen enough to cause one proton to move from one of the nitrogen atoms to the other. The atom that loses the proton becomes carbon; the other becomes oxygen. Kervran warned welders and others who work around high heat to have fresh air pumped in to prevent CO [carbon monoxide] poisoning. * In all of the other cases of transmutation that his book reported, the cause seemed to be bacterial or enzymatic action, i.e. biological transmutation. * Lightning definitely appears to cause transmutation too, as that is what appears to produce sulphur in volcanic eruptions as well as the red sulphurs on Io and Europa. In Earth volcanoes the sulphur seems to come from oxygen molecules in the air, where 8 O 16 + 8 O 16 = 16 S 32 [O is Oxygen; S is Sulphur; 8, 16 & 32 are the numbers of protons and nucleons]. On Io and Europa the oxygen apparently comes from H2O, i.e. ice. Lightning also seems to transmute Si to Fe in the case of some large fulgarites etc. * So in the case of petrified wood etc, the transmutation could be a result of either heat, or electricity, or biology. Biology is greatly dependent on electricity, so even that may involve electrical transmutation. Heat is also produced by lighning. Since a TPOD a few weeks or so ago indicated that even sticky tape, when pulled apart, produces tiny electrical arcing, it seems possible that heated air may also involve such arcing.
GORGON MYTH & RECENTLY FOSSILIZED HUMAN LEG
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=30 after Mount St. Helen's blew they have been finding partially fossilized wood; and that's only after a few decades. The fossilization is not just powered by the heat or pressure but also by the electrical charge that filled and drove the pyroclastic flow, which was essentially a plasma. No silicon saturated water needed to be involved, just transmutation of the carbon and oxygen in the cell walls into silicon. When you think of wood or tissue fossilizing don't think in terms of bacteria being the culprit, think of the gorgon from myth turning people to stone. there are many paths to silicon and they include the carbon and oxygen in tissue fusing into silicon with the right energy. So fossilization apparently does still occur via vulcanism at least, i.e. via electrical forces involved in vulcanism. since biological processes can transmute elements at low temperatures, highly charged electrical conditions may produce transmutation too, such as in fossilization. And in fact electrical forces seem to transmute sulphur from oxygen routinely. * However, bacteria apparently do a lot of transmutation of rock too. Bacteria are known to exist in solid rock to depths of over a mile and they seem to live by transmuting what they need for survival. Wal Thornhill mentioned once that he thinks at least some of the sedimentary rock of the Earth's crust was formed by electrical pulverization and electrical layering and hardening of the powder, which is comparable to how vehicles are painted electrically in modern industry. An electric star, with innumerable plasma discharge vortexes thousands of kilometers long, possesses the natural particle accelerators and high density to produce the heavy elements right near the surface where their signatures appear in the spectrum. * This book, Mistake Earth Science, By Hans-Joachim Zillmer, at Google Books at https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/7k7KdMWTLh4C?hl=en talks about electrical fossilization and shows a picture of part of someone's leg fossilized inside a cowboy boot. https://www.evolutionisamyth.com/dating-methods/rapid-fossilization-cowboy-leg-found-petrified-still-in-his-cowboy-boot/ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/11/strange-cases-of-impossible-fossils/ Of course this bizarre artifact was snatched up by the Creationist Evidence Museum, where they claim it was subjected to various tests in 1997 and 2006, the findings which have been kept under wraps. Interestingly, the boot was suddenly removed from display for unexplained reasons, and has never been offered for independent analysis, which along with the lack of available lab results makes it all rather suspicious indeed. https://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread136252/pg1 The rubber-soled boot with petrified cowboy leg, bones and all was found in a dry creek bed near the West Texas town of Iraan, about 1980 by Mr. Jerry Stone, an employee of Corvette oil company. The boot was hand made by the M. L. Leddy boot company of San Angelo, Texas which began manufacturing boots in 1936. Gayland Leddy, nephew of the founder, grew up in the boot business and now manages Boot Town in Garland, Texas. He recognized the "number 10 stitch pattern" used by his uncle?s company and concluded that the boot was made in the early 1950's. Only the contents of the boot are fossilized, not the boot itself, demonstrating that some materials fossilize more readily than others. The bones of the partial leg and foot within the boot were revealed by an elaborate set of C.T. Scans performed at Harris Methodist Hospital in Bedford, Texas on July 24, 1997. The Radiologic Technician was Evelyn Americus, AART. A complete set of these scans remains with the boot at the Creation Evidence Museum in Glen Rose, Texas. * The boot didn't fossilize, just the leg in it. The author said it shows that fossilization occurs at different rates for different materials. The boot was found to have been made in the 1950s. The theory is that a man fell out of an airplane and hit a power line on the way down. Perhaps an animal carried away the rest of the dead man's carcass. Animals probably don't eat fossils. The author also shows a picture of fossilized human hands from around Bogota, Colombia. * The book says that geophysicists discovered layers in the Earth with high electric conductivity. The conductivity of each layer varies. Pospelow assumes that the layers of Earth's crust and mantle are electric condensers. They produce subterranean lightning. Drujanow, 1984, p. 32 is quoted.
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=45 * That's an interesting idea about the Bible's description of Lot's wife turning into a pillar of salt near Sodom meaning she was fossilized. It sounds similar to the 1950s leg fossilized inside an unfossilized cowboy boot. Medusa was said to turn people to stone when they stared at her. I wonder if that meant she fossilized them. At https://saturniancosmology.org/othergroup/thoth/thotii20.txt Dave Talbott said Medusa was the planet Venus, seen in the center of Saturn's face during the Saturn age. It's hard to imagine that Venus could have fossilized people etc when it was in that position. Perhaps lightning was seen to come from Venus to Earth at that time. * In Kronos magazine in the 80s Dwardu Cardona apparently identified the myth of hurakan as referring to the polar plasma column, as per: https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=1293&sid=646d136b790d2f5c46e5d3ebfcfd853e . Kurra-kurran might mean the same thing. * I read that "The predominant minerals in petrified wood are silicates, such as quartz." * And an abstract about: "Rapid wood silicification in hot spring water" is at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0037073804001940 * It says that minerals can seep into pieces of wood in hot spring water and petrify it in 7 years or more. * Considering that electric power lines can fossilize a tree root and probably a leg wearing a cowboy boot, as mentioned in previous posts in this thread, what I think happened to get the variation in colors is: Forests were inundated in the Great Flood; the waters were very hot in some areas from vulcanism etc; the trees laid in the hot water for months; electric charge in the water hastened the transport of minerals into the wood and fossilized it; the carbon and possibly calcium in the wood transmuted into silicates; some minerals may have transmuted, while others perhaps did not; the minerals or lack of them resulted in the color variations; sulfur varies in color from yellow to red; iron varies from gray to red and brown, I think; * This http://www.northern.edu/natsource/earth/Petrif1.htm Silica, in the form of silicon dioxide (SiO2), commonly known as quartz, is the most common replacement mineral. Often traces of other minerals give petrified wood its unique color and characteristics. Iron oxide will cause reds, browns, yellows and earth tones. Copper and chrome oxide create greens, silicates of aluminum produce whites, and manganese dioxide makes black. * The silicon in petrified wood seems to be like glass, which may mean that the silicates melted, which would have required considerable heat, which electric discharges could provide. if fossilization happens by some electrical process, and there is transmutation, doesn't that fit the picture here more closely [than permineralization]? It would seem to explain how the outside of the bone could be instantly changed to stone, but the inside may still have soft tissue. Wouldn't that be interesting if the bone was fossilized and the soft tissue was dehydrated all in one "swell foop"? Is it interesting to think that the Great Flood knocked over and submerged forests for 5 months (the Bible says 150 days, I think) and the hot water helped the wood absorb minerals stirred up in the flood waters, which resulted in the color variations in petrified wood? The hot water didn't bring in silica; it brought in the minerals that give the various colors to the petrified wood. Electric currents and heat still would have transmuted the carbon to silica, but, if it was under water, the current may have been dispersed and may have taken longer than instantly. It may have taken a few months, since that seems to be how long the flood waters remained.
POWER LINE FOSSILIZED TREE
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=60 I still like the "clinker" reference from TeslaMania's "Big Arcs and Sparks" page. (What Happens when a LIVE High Voltage Power Line Hits the Ground?) http://www.capturedlightning.com/frames/longarc.htm#Clinker The following pictures are of a man-made fulgurite that was created when a high voltage power line fell during a windstorm, and then continued to arc to the ground for a couple of hours. When a high voltage power line initially contacts the ground, it begins arcing. The intense heat of the arc and the high current flowing into the ground cause sand, rocks, and minerals in the soil near the line to fuse into a glassy, lava-like substance. Unlike natural fulgurites, those created by a downed power lines tend to be considerably thicker and more massive. Linemen sometimes call these curious artifacts "clinkers" because of the ringing sound they make when struck or because they resemble the ash left over from burning coal (also called clinkers). As with natural fulgurites, clinkers are often hollow with polished, glassy interior walls. However, because they're thicker, they tend to be considerably heavier and massive than the thin, fragile lightning-created fulgurites which are created within a fraction of a second. These pictures are of a clinker that was formed in Northern California in 1994 when a 7,200 volt power line fell onto a pile of clam shells next to a canal in Hickman, California. Although this 28 inch long specimen weighs about 80 pounds, it is actually only a small piece of the 15 foot long clinker that was created during the fault. Shell fragments can be seen embedded in the exterior of the glassy walls. http://thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&st=0&sk=t&sd=a&start=45#p18935 I mentioned an experiment that involved fossilization of wood in hot water.
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=90 if we want to link electrical discharges with the process of fossilization, concretions might "have it." ... concretions can be formed in the lab with electricity, and ... concretions are found on Mars, which has no water. ... concretions often have a fossil inside * The hot water experiment mentioned a few pages back suggested that the water was needed to bring minerals into fallen trees that became petrified forests, but also was likely needed to supply oxygen, which apparently transmuted into sulphur, which further perhaps transmuted into phosphorus and calcium, for calcium phosphate. Saturated aqueous silica solutions plus heat [up to say 300 deg F] have been shown to produce petrifaction of wood in the lab in a matter of hours/days, which is a good contest for the decomposition process. The timing and concentration questions are answered fairly quickly by the observation, in the case of our local fossils here in Washington, that sufficient petrifaction minerals are present in the strata, or substrate or superstrata, in which the fossils are found. If these strata were laid in rapid succession, as by moving currents, as opposed to the standard model of "quiet shallow seas" deposition, then timing is no longer an issue. The additional element of heat is amply supplied [again exemplified by most of the fossils found in Washington state] by associated volcanics, or by additional pressure of the overburden of sediments. No sure why you thought 1400 degrees were needed. None of this is to deny the possibility of thunderbolt-type activity. That additional factor is simply not evidenced in most [or any?] of the cases I've observed around here. Coalified wood is also rapidly achieved with a minimal amount of added heat and the presence of a silica rich catalist such as clay, a common matrix material for coal. Concretions are not a particular good model for fossilization, IMO, though a few concretions have been found to coagulate around bits of shell, etc. The charge separation required for their formation [as also with crystalization, both precipitate and evaporites] certainly has the polar molecules of water as a strong ally. This may have been a factor in the ancient formation of hematite spheroids on Mars, but the rapid sublimation of ices [whether CO2 or H20] could also create such a charge separation. The lack of variety in size [implies for me a size limit] of Martian blueberries, suggest to me a concretion process that got a start [with or without the presence of water] but did not continue [because of the lack of water], leaving those relatively uniform hematitie blueberries, if indeed they are confirmed to be hematite. No sure why you thought 1400 degrees were needed. That is from back on page 3, I think, the temp used in the patented process for lab created petrified wood. Who would have predicted the gigantic concretions exposed in China and New Zealand? Thunderbolts p-o-d for Mar 25th 2005 says, * Webolife, would you explain what "charge separation" process you were talking about, that relates to crystallization and concretion formation? I think concretions are mostly formed in the ground via underground lightning, which, I suppose, produce z-pinches, which is where spheroidal rock is formed. Crystals often form within geodes, which may be formed by the same process by which concretions are formed. And giant crystal caves are theorized by TB team members, such as Stephen Smith, to be formed in a similar electrical process as well. You were talking about CO2 and H2O forming crystals via charge separation, I think. Snowflakes are theorized by the team to be formed electrically as well, but I haven't heard them discuss CO2, dry ice, although I suppose that could make equal sense. Have you read the snowflake thread? Lloyd, Start with the charge separation produced in the presence of polar water molecules and whatever substance is suspended or dissolved in it [instead of lightning, or electric discharge].
EXPERIMENT ON FOSSILIZING BIRDS; BONE COMPOSITION
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=135 * This, however, is another possible means of fossilization in a short time. http://www.scienceagainstevolution.org/v10i6n.htm* After some experimentation, the researchers found a way to overcome a dead bird's buoyancy. When a carcass was dropped onto moist sediments that contained clay, the material soaked into the bird's feathers and bound the body to the mud in just a few minutes. Later, when water was added to the tank, the stuck-in-the-mud carcass remained submerged. 5 * Taking their work even further, Krauss and his team added enough sediment to the tanks to bury the submerged carcasses. Then, they placed weights on the mud to increase the pressure, as a naturally buried body would experience if accumulating lake sediments gradually covered it. The team left the bodies in place for 3 years. * When the researchers unearthed their samples, they found that the patterns and extent of preservation of the faux-fossil birds were remarkably similar to those seen in actual fossils millions of years old. This resemblance suggests that the remains of ancient birds might have begun their process of fossilization in just such a way, Krauss notes. The team's findings may enable scientists to better interpret fossils and deduce the environments in which they formed, he adds. 6 * You’ve probably read creationist claims of hats or fence posts that fossilized in just a few years. Creationists generally claim that the proper conditions, not long periods of time, are all that are needed for fossilization. That’s what Briggs’ experiment showed. Briggs doesn’t know exactly what the proper conditions are, but some eggs mineralized, and some didn’t, despite being buried for the same amount of time. Furthermore, the durations of the tests were very short, geologically speaking. It took just weeks or months for the process to begin. If they had more patience, they would have seen more mineralization (in those situations where the conditions were favorable). * In my recent message I said I found that for fresh bones the Total bone composition is: 45% O, 15% H, 15% Ca, 13% C, 9% P * In the last message I quoted a statement on fossil bone contents as either: calcite [crystallized calcium carbonate CaCO3], silica [SiO2], pyrite [iron disulfide FeS2], or iron. * Here's a side-by-side comparison [1st column is fresh bone contents]: O Ca C H P ........ bones O Ca C Si S Fe .... fossils * This shows that calcium sometimes remains as calcium; P+H or O+O may combine by transmutation to form S, part of pyrite; O+C may likewise combine to form Si, part of silica; Si+4Li or 2Si-2H may form Fe, part of pyrite. * So the existing contents of fresh bone can supply the elements found in fossil bones. * On the transmutation thread at http://thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=209 I see that Aluminum=Silicon-Hydrogen and Calcium=Silicon+Carbon seem to be the most probable transmutation routes for Bug tissues to fossilize into silicates of alumina and calcium. * The bugs don't initially contain silicon, but the common organic atoms of carbon and oxygen likely transmute into silicon, then some of the silicon further transmutes to aluminum and calcium. 6C12+8O16=14Si28; 14Si28-1H1=13Al.27; 14Si28+6C12=20Ca40.
ELECTRICAL FUSION DURING CHICAGO FIRE COMET
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=180 * I just realized that the fossilized "foot in boot" from this thread is very reminiscent of the fused "coins in pocket" of this TPOD http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/arch06/060922chicagofire3.htm , which says re the Chicago Fire: Buildings exploding with fire when no fire was yet present Electrical discharges would take place between metal objects inside buildings, igniting any flammable materials. The same would hold true for the hapless man [in Wisconsin I think] found with melted [fused] coins in his pocket but clothes intact and no other signs of burning. There is, in fact, no other natural explanation for this enigma. Also of interest is a presentation on the Peshtigo fire by the Oconto County Web Project, which discusses the comet hypothesis as a "plausible" theory The foot in the boot fossilized without having noticeable effect on the boot; and, likewise, the coins in the pocket fused together without having noticeable effect on the man's pocket or clothing. In combination with an anode and cathode, the electric current causes dissolved minerals in sea water to crystallize, forming a limestone coating over the exposed steel, a perfect media for coral larvae – the basic building block of the reef.
NATIVE AMERICAN LIGHTNING CATASTROPHE LEGENDS
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=255 I found a book called Fossil Legends of the First Americans by Adrienne Mayor. She has done invaluable research into the legends of Indians in North and Central America, and also the book has an illuminating perspective on the history of various attitudes towards Native myths displayed by the first paleontologists. 90% of the legends kept by the Indians relating to both fossils and the death of the megafauna and dinosaurs involve lightning and thunderbolts. I thought you would be interested in the incredible link between electrical discharges and fossilization found in the legends. https://tonmo.com/articles/myths-and-legends.41/ — BELEMNITES. Belemnites are traditionally associated with thunderstorms and have many differing traditional names usually along the lines of thunderbolts, thunder-arrows or thunderstones. It was common folklore throughout Europe that these cylindrical bullet shaped fossils were cast down from the heavens as lightning, hit the ground and turned to stone. If one was struck by lightning it was believed that one had been struck with a thunderbolt. This belief was probably heightened by the unusual translucent quality of belemnite fossils; they are frequently preserved in a pale yellowish-brown colour, possibly reminiscent of a lightning flash. The word belemnon stems from the Greek and literally means dart. In Russia belemnites are referred to as thunder-arrows, or gromovye strelki. Similarly in Lithuanian mythology belemnites are referred to as Pekuno akmu or Pekunas' stone, Pekunas being the Thunder God and often compared to the Norse god Thor. It was also a traditional Germanic belief that to keep these thunderstones at home would afford the owners home from protection from lightning, in parts of the Netherlands these donderstenen (Donar's stones, Donar being the Thunder god) were kept in the roof. _Ch 1 Iroquois, Shawnee, Delaware in New England, the Mid-Atlantic and the Ohio Valley "This place was a landmark of long standing...The Shawnees believed that the five creatures had died at the same time, struck by lightning." pg 53 "After the great men had died out, they said, 'God had Kill'd' the mighty animals with lightning bolts, so that they could 'not hurt the present race of Indians.'" pg 54 "Lightning was also the agent of extinction in the Delaware traditions about mastodon fossils, as Thomas Jefferson learned a few years after Wright interviewed the Shawnee men." pg55 A Delaware elder to Thomas Jefferson: "'In ancient time a herd of these tremendous animals came to the Bigbone Licks' and destroyed the smaller game...which had been created for Indians to hunt. The 'Great Man above' was 'so enraged that he seized his lightning, descended on the earth, seated himself on a neighboring mountain.' He 'hurled his bolts til the whole were slaughtered.'" pg 59 "The Shawnee related that...the good Spirit had destroyed these immense animals with lightning..." pg 65 "Adams describes the Great Spirit hurling lightning bolts to destroy the mastodons." pg 66 If you remember the fossilized foot in the cowboy boot, that apparently shows that flesh can fossilize. So, I'm wondering why dinosaurs and most animals did not have fossilized flesh, along with the bones. The Indian legends in this book describe how the animals died. there were only two that could possibly be interpreted as actually referring to how they were fossilized. One says that the creatures were both killed and buried by the thunderbolt. From Fossil Legends of the First Americans, by Adrienne Mayor Chapter 3: The Southwest - Zuni, Navajo, Apache, Hopi, Ute, and Pit River But now, on dry land, predatory animals multiplied. With their powerful talons and teeth, these giant creatures devoured weaker human beings. So the Twin Heroes stalked across the world, blasting all the land monsters--enormous mountain lions and bears and other huge creatures--with lightning. "Thlu!" Instantly immolated, these dangerous beasts were "shriveled and burnt into stone." Pg 111 We have changed you into rock everlasting, said the Twin Heroes, as they struck the huge animals with lightning. "Now you will be good for men rather than evil." pg 112 Figure 31. Belemnite fossils, used for protection in battle by the Zuni. These marine fossils were called "lightning or thunder stones" by Plains Indians. Some monsters even persued people into successive worlds. But the Sun gave special lightning bolts to the twin sons of Changing Woman, so that they could overcome the monsters. pg 119 Approaching with earthshaking footsteps, Yeitso [monster] attacked, but the Twins destroyed it with lightning. Pg 119 As the monster plowed up the earth with its horns, they [Monster Slayers] killed it with lightning arrows. A little gopher assured them the monster was dead by running out along one of its horns. pg 122 The Gray Monsters were a variety of evil creatures of the earlier worlds. The Monster Slayers killed some, while others were done in by hail and windstorm. Pg 126 Zuni myth also featured a giant centipede who was shriveled by a bolt of lightning by the Twin Heroes--that's why today's centipedes look like burnt bits of fringed buckskin. Real humans appeared only after the "Great Change," an extinction and evolutionary event ushered in by a great flood. The Paiutes told Powell that the stone logs were the enormous shafts of arrows unleashed by the Wolf-Thunder god, Shinarav, or Shinarump, an important force in the Ute origin myth. pg 159
RAPID FOSSILIZATION; TREE TURNED TO IRON
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=123&start=270 And just how swift would the process of fossilization have to be to preserve soft tissue? It seems to me it would have to happen in a flash because of 1.) the weight of the strata above and 2.) the presence of cellular structure. One paleontologist observed Fossilization occurred rapidly enough to be influenced by tissue composition and involved a diagenetic sequence: apatite calcite ± gypsum pyrite ± chalcopyrite galena. _Just found something (at least to me) very weird about fossilization or rather "metallization" in an old German book. The title of the book is "Natural Miracles and Noteworthinesses of the Land", second improved edition, Berlin 1803. Author was Samuel Christoph Wagner. See: https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_c96jad2bSwIC#page/n295/mode/2up I quote( please, excuse my English): The Wood Transformed into Iron Ore During the set up of the iron pits in Orbissau in Bohemia, one discovered a former wood 15 to 20 feet under the ground, whose trees hat not fossilized on the normal way, but had been transformed into iron ore. Meanwhile these trunks have still had all branches and branches, and nobody could carry the slightest doubt that these have been formerly trees of a wood. One has also used these trunks of iron stone to melt it to iron, and has found them to be even more efficient, than the remaining iron stone that was surrounding it. Also here one is not able to get to another imagination than from an extensively long period that made such a change happen. Some other old sources confirm this discovery that must have been before 1770. One speaks about the identification of alder trees and even worm holes were visible. _I am unfamiliar with the German fossils you referenced, however in my own fossil collection I have two fossils that are of limonite mineral [an iron ore commonly found in soil]. While iron oxides are not an uncommon form of petrifaction, what is unusual [at least to me] about my fossils is that they are both fossilized dung. Chalk up that one for rapid petrifaction!
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I worked in the North Dakota Oilfield in 2011. At the time they would lay down this weird stuff they called Scoria, to top the drilling sites and make them able to have equipment roll across it.
In this Scoria you would occasionally find Petrified wood. This Scoria is a misnamed byproduct of coal bed that has been set afire by lightning and turned the clay like soil surrounding it into this weird clinker. The Petrified wood and the rest of the Scoria, rings like fine china when they bump together. After reading this article I wonder how this Petrified wood is formed. Heck I'm still wondering how coal is formed.
I worked in the North Dakota Oilfield in 2011. At the time they would lay down this weird stuff they called Scoria, to top the drilling sites and make them able to have equipment roll across it.
In this Scoria you would occasionally find Petrified wood. This Scoria is a misnamed byproduct of coal bed that has been set afire by lightning and turned the clay like soil surrounding it into this weird clinker. The Petrified wood and the rest of the Scoria, rings like fine china when they bump together. After reading this article I wonder how this Petrified wood is formed. Heck I'm still wondering how coal is formed.